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5 - The Byker Community Trust and the ‘Byker Approach’
- Edited by Mel Steer, Newcastle University, Simin Davoudi, Newcastle University, Mark Shucksmith, Newcastle University, Liz Todd, Newcastle University
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- Book:
- Hope under Neoliberal Austerity
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 05 January 2022
- Print publication:
- 26 April 2021, pp 57-72
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Summary
Introduction
Newcastle's Byker Estate is one of the last heroic post-war attempts in Britain to provide better housing for a working-class community. Its aspiration of providing decent homes for all now seems a distant memory, with the demonisation and residualisation of social housing and successive turns of the screw in recent years, such as ‘the bedroom tax’ and Universal Credit.
The Byker Community Trust (BCT) housing association was created in 2012, acquiring both the council's housing stock and land, and its management responsibilities, in what is one of the poorest wards in the country. This unique approach to ownership and management followed from the decision in 2007 to heritage ‘list’ the Byker Estate for its architectural and historic qualities.
This chapter describes the work of the BCT to bring much-needed investment to the estate. This has been accompanied by the ‘Byker Approach’, developing a leadership and empowerment culture aimed to be inclusive of all and give tenants a key voice and role in decisionmaking, with a focus now upon a thriving Byker where people want to live – ‘an estate of choice’.
Social housing in an era of neoliberalism and austerity
The term ‘multiple deprivation’ was coined in the 1970s in recognition that people are often living with material and structural disadvantage, combined at the level of both the individual and the neighbourhood, including poor housing. Such deprivation can contribute to poor educational achievement, poor health, high crime rates and poor employment prospects, and cumulatively lead to poor life chances for those affected. Ever since, government policy has been, ostensibly, to combat such multiple deprivation. Yet, in a perfect storm of ideologically and austerity-driven policy since 2010, successive governments seem to have been intent on concentrating and increasing levels of multiple deprivation in England, through changes to a raft of legislation and social policy. Most obviously, this includes the housing and welfare systems, though it ranges far more widely and extends to, for example, the criminal justice system.
When the post-war welfare state was developed, improved housing was understood as one of the essential social goods across the political spectrum. Yet, within this apparent post-war consensus, there were some significant political differences.
Structured lifestyle education for people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and first-episode psychosis (STEPWISE): randomised controlled trial
- Richard I. G. Holt, Rebecca Gossage-Worrall, Daniel Hind, Michael J. Bradburn, Paul McCrone, Tiyi Morris, Charlotte Edwardson, Katharine Barnard, Marian E. Carey, Melanie J. Davies, Chris M. Dickens, Yvonne Doherty, Angela Etherington, Paul French, Fiona Gaughran, Kathryn E. Greenwood, Sridevi Kalidindi, Kamlesh Khunti, Richard Laugharne, John Pendlebury, Shanaya Rathod, David Saxon, David Shiers, Najma Siddiqi, Elizabeth A. Swaby, Glenn Waller, Stephen Wright
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 214 / Issue 2 / February 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 September 2018, pp. 63-73
- Print publication:
- February 2019
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Background
Obesity is a major challenge for people with schizophrenia.
AimsWe assessed whether STEPWISE, a theory-based, group structured lifestyle education programme could support weight reduction in people with schizophrenia.
MethodIn this randomised controlled trial (study registration: ISRCTN19447796), we recruited adults with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or first-episode psychosis from ten mental health organisations in England. Participants were randomly allocated to the STEPWISE intervention or treatment as usual. The 12-month intervention comprised four 2.5 h weekly group sessions, followed by 2-weekly maintenance contact and group sessions at 4, 7 and 10 months. The primary outcome was weight change after 12 months. Key secondary outcomes included diet, physical activity, biomedical measures and patient-related outcome measures. Cost-effectiveness was assessed and a mixed-methods process evaluation was included.
ResultsBetween 10 March 2015 and 31 March 2016, we recruited 414 people (intervention 208, usual care 206) with 341 (84.4%) participants completing the trial. At 12 months, weight reduction did not differ between groups (mean difference 0.0 kg, 95% CI −1.6 to 1.7, P = 0.963); physical activity, dietary intake and biochemical measures were unchanged. STEPWISE was well-received by participants and facilitators. The healthcare perspective incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £246 921 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.
ConclusionsParticipants were successfully recruited and retained, indicating a strong interest in weight interventions; however, the STEPWISE intervention was neither clinically nor cost-effective. Further research is needed to determine how to manage overweight and obesity in people with schizophrenia.
Declaration of interestR.I.G.H. received fees for lecturing, consultancy work and attendance at conferences from the following: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Otsuka, Sanofi, Sunovion, Takeda, MSD. M.J.D. reports personal fees from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Servier, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.; and, grants from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen. K.K. has received fees for consultancy and speaker for Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Servier and Merck Sharp & Dohme. He has received grants in support of investigator and investigator-initiated trials from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck Sharp & Dohme. K.K. has received funds for research, honoraria for speaking at meetings and has served on advisory boards for Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Novo Nordisk. D.Sh. is expert advisor to the NICE Centre for guidelines; board member of the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH); clinical advisor (paid consultancy basis) to National Clinical Audit of Psychosis (NCAP); views are personal and not those of NICE, NCCMH or NCAP. J.P. received personal fees for involvement in the study from a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) grant. M.E.C. and Y.D. report grants from NIHR Health Technology Assessment, during the conduct of the study; and The Leicester Diabetes Centre, an organisation (employer) jointly hosted by an NHS Hospital Trust and the University of Leicester and who is holder (through the University of Leicester) of the copyright of the STEPWISE programme and of the DESMOND suite of programmes, training and intervention fidelity framework that were used in this study. S.R. has received honorarium from Lundbeck for lecturing. F.G. reports personal fees from Otsuka and Lundbeck, personal fees and non-financial support from Sunovion, outside the submitted work; and has a family member with professional links to Lilly and GSK, including shares. F.G. is in part funded by the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care Funding scheme, by the Maudsley Charity and by the Stanley Medical Research Institute and is supported by the by the Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London.
Place and voluntary activity in inter-war England: topophilia and professionalization
- JOHN PENDLEBURY, LUCY E. HEWITT
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- Journal:
- Urban History / Volume 45 / Issue 3 / August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 August 2017, pp. 453-470
- Print publication:
- August 2018
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During the inter-war period, the formation of amenity groups marked a new phase in the way place was conceived and shaped and their establishment and relationship with newly empowered local authorities remains an under-examined aspect of the management of towns and cities at the time. Focusing on the motivations for group formation in Birmingham and Norwich, we explore how complex relationships of attachment to place, or topophilia, entered into dialogue with professionalizing approaches to urban development and shed new light on attitudes to urban conservation and planning in the inter-war period. The article also adds a historical perspective to work on affective relationships with place.
The modern abattoir as a machine for killing: the municipal abattoir of the Shanghai International Settlement, 1933
- Yi-Wen Wang, John Pendlebury
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- Journal:
- arq: Architectural Research Quarterly / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / June 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 October 2016, pp. 131-144
- Print publication:
- June 2016
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The public abattoir emerged as an institution across the industrialized world in the mid-nineteenth century to centralize and control animal killing and meat processing, activities that had traditionally taken place in private slaughterhouses. The modern idea of the abattoir, however, is more than a place where animals are killed for human consumption. Designed to optimize a disassembling process that efficiently took apart the livestock into small pieces, the modern abattoir is one of the earliest building types where the production line was incorporated into the spatial layout. Modern abattoirs also separated livestock from people, and production from consumption, into special places removed from public view.
This paper is concerned with the production of a public abattoir in 1930s colonial Shanghai. The Shanghai Municipal Abattoir, completed in 1933, was deliberately designed as a ‘machine for killing’, which applied production-line principles to the efficient slaughter of animals. The result of this functionalism was an extraordinary series of multi-storey concrete structures, dictated by the bloody business of slaughtering animals and processing their carcasses, set behind an art deco façade. In this paper we seek to tell the story of the production of a building that has previously been little researched, with most of the archival material in Shanghai Municipal Archives (SMA) and the limited published material available only in Mandarin.
2 - Place, identity and local politics: analysing initiatives in deliberative governance
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- By Patsy Healey, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning University of Newcastle, Claudio de Magalhaes, Researcher Centre for Research in European Urban Environments, University of Newcastle, Ali Madanipour, Senior Lecturer Centre for Research in European Urban Environments, University of Newcastle, John Pendlebury, Lecturer Centre for Research in European Urban Environments, University of Newcastle
- Edited by Maarten A. Hajer, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Hendrik Wagenaar, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
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- Book:
- Deliberative Policy Analysis
- Published online:
- 22 September 2009
- Print publication:
- 15 May 2003, pp 60-87
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Summary
The challenge of governance transformation
There is widespread agreement across Europe on the need for innovation in the forms and practices of contemporary governance. Within the neo-liberal discourse, this is sometimes cast as the need for ‘less government’ overall, justifying practices of privatization and deregulation. However, as the introduction to this book makes clear, the pressures for governance change are much more fundamental than this. They reflect both the contemporary reconfiguring of state–economy–civil-society relations and a shift in how societies and polities are understood. The challenge being experienced across Europe atthe beginning of the twenty-first century is to recast governance agendas and practices around new foci and new relations. This chapter explores the micro-social relations of such transformative efforts through a particular case of ‘partnership’ relations to promote ‘place qualities’, analysed through an evaluation framework developed within the tradition of interpretative policy analysis.
Within many parts of western Europe, the organizational forms and routines of formal government have been grounded in the mid-century welfare state model (Esping-Anderson 1990). This typically divided policy agendas into ‘sectors’, which were concerned with the provision of services to meet universal needs (education, health and welfare), and support for economic sectors (for example agriculture, fisheries, mineral extraction, the various branches of industry). National governments took a strong role in designing and financing the resultant programmes.